MLK and Civil Disobedience: Martin Luther King Jr. was an important leader through the Civil Rights Movement. MLK used Civil Disobedience, he would organize events where people would not fight back, they would just sit there and take the abuse. One major event was the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This Boycott lasted 381 days. At the end of the boycott, Colored people were able to sit anywhere on the bus, did not have to give up their seat for white people, and did not have to pay a more expensive bus fare than the white people.
Power of the "Mob": A mob is a very large group of people, and as they say "there is strength is numbers." A mob usually determines how things turn out. This combined with Civil Disobedience always turned out in a win for the protesters.
Plessy v. Ferguson vs. Brown v. Board of Education: Plessy v. Ferguson is a law that states "seperate but equal." This refers to the facilities a person would use. Facilities such as bathrooms, water fountains, prisons, morgues, maternity wards, etc. Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in the year 1954 because it was considered unequal and unconstitutional.
Civil Rights Goals: The main goals for the Civil Rights Movement was to get equal rights for colored people. Equal rights in the areas of Education and public facilities were a major area that the great leaders, MLK and Malcom X targeted.
Eisenhower's role in Little Rock: President Eisenhower sent the 101st Airborne after Gov. Orvill Faubus sent 10,000 of the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine selected colored students to integrate into Central High School. The 101st Airborne would protect the nine students, and would allow them to get into the school.
Rights of the Accused: Gideon v Wainwright said that the 6th Amendment requires counsel for defendants who are unable to afford their attorney, taxes will pay for legal representation. Escobedo v Illinois said that criminal suspects have the right to counsel during police interrogation ("shut up and ask for an attorney!") Miranda v Arizona said that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with a counsel prior to interrogation.
Brown v. Board of Education: This over-ruled Plessy v. Ferguson because it stated that Plessy v. Ferguson was unequal and unconstitutional
Chavez and the United Farm Workers: Chavez formed the UFW to help earn rights for migrant workers through Civil Disobedient acts. He organized a very famous strike, the Delano Grape Strike. He also participated in fasts to support different social issues. Though Chavez fought for Migrant rights, he was Anti-Immigration.
FHA & ADA - The Federal Housing Administration: US government agency that insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. The goals are to improve housing standards and conditions, provide and adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans and to stabilize the mortgage market. The Americans with Disabilities Act: enacted by the US Congress in 1990. It is a wide ranging civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
Purpose of Filibusters: Filibusters are used to prevent the opposing side from talking. A filibuster will talk continuously, for hours at a time. They are very successful in court.
Sit-ins and Protest: A sit-in is when a group of people would go into a restaurant and sit at the chairs, they would be denied to be served, and the police would eventually come to remove them from the restaurant. The people, would of course put up a fight, not by fighting back but by acting as dead weight. After they would be removed, another group of people would come to replace them. This is very effective because it was always a win-win situation. The restaurant would have to close for the day thus causing them to lose business. Other forms of protest were bus boycotts, fasting, and civil disobedience acts.
